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Vortices and atoms in the Maxwellian era
2019
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
The mathematical study of vortices began with Herman von Helmholtz's pioneering study in 1858. It was pursued vigorously over the next two decades, largely by British physicists and mathematicians, in two contexts: Maxwell's vortex analogy for the electromagnetic field and William Thomson's (Lord Kelvin) theory that atoms were vortex rings in an all-pervading ether. By the time of Maxwell's death in 1879, the basic laws of vortices in a perfect fluid in three-dimensional Euclidean space had
doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0451
fatcat:dc4rfrzwmjgedeooijk37aukue