FOXP2 expression has been associated with the prognosis of some tumors, but the role of FOXP2 in glioblastoma has not been studied in-depth until now. The aim of the present work is to study the role of FOXP2 as a prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma.This is a retrospective observational case series study in which the expression of FOXP2 has been analyzed both at the protein level (immunohistochemistry) and at the mRNA level (RNAseq, in a cohort of glioblastoma patients from The Cancer Genome

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... las [TCGA] database). Other molecular and clinical data have also been included in the study, with special focus on miRNA expression data.Survival analysis using Log-Rank test and COX-regression have been used. Non-parametric statistical tests were also used to study differences between low and high FOXP2 expression groups.Patients with a high expression of FOXP2 protein showed a worse prognosis than those patients with low expression in both, progression free survival (PFS) (HR=1.711; p=0.034) and overall survival (OS) (HR=1.809;p=0.014). These associations were still statistically significant in multivariate analysis.No prognostic association was found with FOXP2 RNA expression. Interestingly, two miRNAs that target FOXP2 (hsa-miR-181a-2-3p and hsa-miR-20a-3p) showed an interaction effect on OS with FOXP2 expression. A low level of these miRNAs expression was associated with a significantly worse prognosis in patients with high FOXP2 RNA expression.Higher expression of FOXP2 at the protein level is associated with a worse prognosis. This protein expression may be regulated by the expression of specific miRNAs that target FOXP2 mRNA: hsa-miR-181a-2-3p and hsa-miR-20a-3p.