BIM-Sim: Interactive Simulation of Broadband Imaging Using Mie Theory
Sebastian Berisha, Thomas van Dijk, Rohit Bhargava, P. Scott Carney, David Mayerich
2016
Microscopy and Microanalysis
Mie theory plays an important role in describing the scattering of electromagnetic (EM) fields by providing a rigorous solution to Maxwell's Equations for a spherical scatterer based on an incident plane wave. This theory has been used to characterize absorption in atmospheric simulations [1], and to approximate cellular structures in spectroscopic imaging of biological tissues [2] . There is also interest in using micro and nanospheres, such as quantum dots, to improve sensing in biomedicine
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... ] . The problem of inverse scattering in samples composed of particulate or spherical components is of particular interest. In our previous work [4], we demonstrated a method for computing the refractive indices of spheres composed of polymers measured using mid-infrared point spectroscopy. However, these nonlinear solutions require iterative computation of the forward model. Since Mie theory is computationally expensive, this solution becomes impractical for multidimensional spectroscopic images. Studying the behavior of EM fields generates a time-dependent component, which requires a 5D simulation in (x, y, z, λ, t) that is both computationally expensive and requires a prohibitive amount of memory. We have developed a software package called the Broadband Interactive Mie Simulator (BIM-Sim), which interactively computes the scattered fields produced by spherical particles. This includes the simulation of the entire imaging system, including focusing and imaging optics as well as a detector. The complete field is computed both inside and outside of each particle. We use a mathematical model based on Mie theory that allows efficient and highly-parallel evaluation of the scattered field. The highdimensional nature of the simulation is constrained by user-specified visualization parameters. By taking advantage of GPU-based computation, we allow the user to interactively adjust these parameters to perform the simulation in real-time. We visualize the field using planar cross-sections of the volume placed anywhere between the objective and condenser. The complex components of the scattered field at the particle surface are computed and visualized using a 3D surface model. This facilitates the study of the scattering efficiency of a sphere in three dimensions. The shape of the scattered field is computed using Monte-Carlo sampling, which allows arbitrary positioning of the particle within the focal volume. The imaging process is simulated by band-limiting a cross-section of the field at the focal plane based on the objective aperture function. The intensity of the filtered cross-section is computed and re-sampled based on user-specified detector parameters to create a final image (Figure 1 ). Computing both the total and incident field intensity also allows the simulation of absorption spectroscopy for any distribution of micro-spheres. Material properties for the spheres are specified at run-time or as a wavelength dependent set of refractive indices. 1438
doi:10.1017/s1431927616008035
fatcat:kacr4yfm4rcv7fj74mw3btu3oq