Earliest changes due to Adenoviral infection concern enlarged nucleus and nucleoli (9, 10) established eight hours after infection. Irregular packs (bundles) of long fibriles (enzymologically proved proteins) are found out 16 hours after infection. Another 8 hours later hypertrophic nucleoli increase considerably their optical density and decrease their sizes. Nucleolar DNA quantity is higher. All that proves that nucleoli take an active part in bio-synthetic processes continuing with

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... invasion (6, 8). Eosinophile collections (Feulgen negative) in the nucleoli are established in the early stages of infection. Later they are transformed in basophilic (Feul-gen positive). Amidst the collections are found single viral particles-micro-crystals, distributed in a crystal regular set (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7) and-Feulgen positive. We have for an object of our present study to investigate some eventual early changes in viral chromatin and nucleoli, thus allowing an easy diagnosis of Adenoviruses. The investigations were performed on primary trypsinized cell cultures of human embryonal kidney (lamellas). Infection was provided with various types Adenoviruses (2, 4, 6, 9) under a contact 30-minute adaptation and with 0,2 ml virus-contenting liquid (titre 10" 3 ' 33-10~ 6 ' 33). Lamellas were taken out between 2 and 48 hours after infection and a 10-minute fixation in absolute alcohol followed. Staining was done with haematoxilin-eosin r Romanovski-Giemsa and May-Grunwald-Giemsa with and without a preliminary drying of lamellas. Preparations stained with haematoxilin-eosin show earliest changes in the transitory shrinkage of nuclei, followed by a swelling, enlargement and deformation of nucleoli. The projections (tendrils) are sometimes directed to the nuclear membrane. Later, a roughness of chromatin is found; nucleoli decrease sizes, underlining their basophility. Rich net of eosinophile substance or only single grains with colourless areollas surrounding eosinophilic particles are established in the carioplasma. In those cases, when eosinophilic grains are formed amidst eosinophilic net, a typical picture is observed: a rosary-like eosinophile structure with light eosinophilic center and still lighter periphery halo. Nucleoli diminish their sizes and a specific nimbus of scanty chro-matin grains surrounds them. Later, nuclear volume increases; it is filled Materials and methods Results