The ability to recognize human emotion is one of the hallmarks of human-robot interaction. Especially, speaker-independent emotion recognition is a challenging issue for commercial use of speech emotion recognition systems. In general, speaker-independent systems show a lower accuracy rate compared with speaker-dependent systems, as emotional feature values depend on the speaker and his/her gender. Hence, this paper describes the realization of speaker-independent emotion recognition by

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... n using confidence measure to make the emotion recognition system be homogeneous and accurate. From comparison of the proposed methods with conventional method, the improvement and effectiveness of proposed methods were clearly confirmed.