This article investigates the influence of an external humanmachine interface (eHMI) for automated vehicles on pedestrian behavior in a parking lot. To promote the international standardization of novel signaling devices, this study is conducted in an international context in three countries. In total, 90 subjects from China, South Korea, and the USA assume a pedestrian's role in a virtual reality-based pedestrian simulator and experience three encounter scenarios with an automated vehicle. The

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... efficiency and perceived safety of different signal types on the eHMI are analyzed by collecting data on the subjects' movement behavior and ratings via questionnaires.