In astrophysics as well as in hadron physics progress has recently been made on the determination of the hadronic equation of state (EOS) of compressed matter. The results are contradictory, however. Simulations of heavy ion reactions are now sufficiently robust to predict the stiffness of the (EOS) from (i) the energy dependence of the ratio of K^+ from Au+Au and C+C collisions and (ii) the centrality dependence of the K^+ multiplicities. The data are best described with a compressibility

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... icient at normal nuclear matter density κ around 200 MeV, a value which is usually called "soft" The recent observation of a neutron star with a mass of twice the solar mass is only compatible with theoretical predictions if the EOS is stiff. We review the present situation.