Recently, the birth rate of small for gestational age (SGA) neonate has increased in Japan. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognosis of SGA neonate associated with parental smoking. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sendai Medical Center Hospital. A total of 11569 infants were born in our hospital during a 12-year period, 514 of whom were SGA neonates. The subjects comprised 137 SGA neonates whose prognoses could be estimated, about half of whom had smoking-related

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... ications, including 2 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Many mothers (73%) quit smoking during pregnancy, but most fathers (98%) continued to smoke. Bronchial asthma was significantly present in the group whom mother and/or father smoked compared to the group whom they did not smoke (odds ratio 6.896, p < 0.05). We conclude that smoking cessation guidance in early pregnancy for parents are necessary to prevent various complications and SIDS in their infant.