A modeling approach for incorporating a two-port network with -parameters in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is reported in this paper. The proposed method utilizes the time-domain -parameters to describe the network characteristics, and incorporates the -parameters into the FDTD algorithm. The generalized pencil-of-function (GPOF) technique is applied to improve the memory efficiency of this algorithm by generating a complex exponential series for the -parameters and using

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... sive convolution in the FDTD updating equations. A modeling example is given, which shows that this approach is effective and accurate. This modeling technique can be extended for incorporating any number of N-port networks in the FDTD modeling.