Aims: To explore the association between resistin expression and the incidence of ischemic heart disease in the general population. Methods: A follow-up study of 6636 adults recruited randomly from the general population. Results: The serum resistin concentration was higher in women (6.1 ng/mL; CI95%= 6.0-6.2) than in men (5.6 ng/mL; CI95%= 5.5-5.7). Individuals in the 5th quintile or higher of resistin (RQ5) were younger (P<0.001) and had a lower prevalence of arterial hypertension (P<0.001),

more »

... bdominal obesity (P<0.001), diabetes (P<0.001) and dyslipidemia (P<0.001). The cardiovascular risk estimated by the Framingham function was also lower in the RQ5 subgroup (P<0.001); however, the prevalence of smoking was higher (P<0.001), as was the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol (P<0.001). After 3.5 years of follow-up, the RQ5 subgroup had a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI, RR= 1.9; CI95%= 1.01-3.54). In the population without diabetes, the RQ5 subgroup had a higher risk of AMI (RR = 2.4; CI95%= 1.10-5.17), and the risk of AMI was highest in women in this group (4.97; CI95%=1.33-18.57). The risk levels were significant in the Cox models adjusted for age, sex and smoking; and the hazard ratio was 2.5 for AMI (CI95%= 1.29-4.70) in the sample of patients matched by sex and smoking status. Conclusions: Resistin may be a risk marker for ischemic heart disease in the general population. The serum resistin concentration is higher in women, and the associated increase in the risk of AMI based on the resistin level is also higher in women than in men. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2014; 21:273-281.