The recent technological advances in micro electromechanical systems have promoted the development of a powerful class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems capable of ubiquitously retrieving multimedia information, namely Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSNs are gaining more popularity day by day as they are envisioned to support a large number of both non-real time and real-time multimedia applications. In this paper, current state-of-the-art in energy-efficient

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... techniques for WM-SNs is surveyed together with the highlights of the performance issues of each strategy. This paper outlines the design challenges of routing protocols for WMSNs. Architectures for WMSNs are explored, along with their advantages and drawbacks. Further, a classification of recent routing protocols for WMSNs and a discussion of possible future research trends are presented.