Large bone defects are a considerable challenge to reconstructive surgeons. Numerous traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been used to repair and regenerate bone tissue. This study investigated the bone regeneration potential ofDanggui Buxue Tang(DBT), a Chinese herbal decoction prepared fromRadix Astragali(RA) andRadix Angelicae Sinensis(RAS), from a molecular biology perspective. The optimal ratio ofRAandRASused inDBTfor osteoblast culture was obtained by colorimetric and alkaline

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... tase (ALP) activity assays. Moreover, the optimal concentration ofDBTfor bone cell culture was also determined by colorimetric, ALP activity, nodule formation, Western blotting, wound-healing, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity assays. Consequently, the most appropriate weight ratio ofRAtoRASfor the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts was 5 : 1. Moreover, the most effective concentration ofDBTwas 1,000 μg/mL, which significantly increased the number of osteoblasts, intracellular ALP levels, and nodule numbers, while inhibiting osteoclast activity. Additionally, 1,000 μg/mL ofDBTwas able to stimulate p-ERK and p-JNK signal pathway. Therefore,DBTis highly promising for use in accelerating fracture healing in the middle or late healing periods.