Primary pleural liposarcoma is a rare tumor; only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Presently described is the case of a 77-year-old female with a right pleural-based tumor misinterpreted as loculated pleural effusion, who was suffering from chronic right-sided chest pain. Radical resection of the tumor was performed and revealed a welldifferentiated pleural liposarcoma. This case is discussed with a review of the literature.