Emergencies of different types, ranging from accidents to natural disasters, are unfortunately becoming increasingly common due to the greater concentration of human populations and the existence of highly interconnected physical infrastructures that human beings increasingly rely on. Thus Emergency Management Systems are gaining in importance and they are a major and useful example of Cyber-Physical Systems where ICT, sensing and decision making come together to improve the outcomes for human

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... eings and for nature itself. Our presentation focuses on the impact of wireless sensing, distributed decision making, and opportunistic wireless communications as tools for optimising human evacuation and improving the health outcomes for human populations during small or large scale emergencies.