A Survey on Junction Selection based Routing Protocols for VANETs

Irshad Ahmed Abbasi, Elfatih Elmubarak
2021 International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications  
Objectives: To compare significant position-based routing protocols based on their underlying techniques such as junction selection mechanisms that provide vehicle-to-vehicle communications in city scenarios. Background: Vehicular Adhoc Network is the most significant offshoot of Mobile Adhoc Networks which is capable of organizing itself in an infrastructure-less environment. The network builds smart transportation which facilitates deriving in-terms of traffic safety by exchanging timely
more » ... mation in a proficient manner. Findings: The main features of vehicular adhoc networks pertaining to the city environment like high mobility, network segmentation, sporadic interconnections, and impediments are the key challenges for the development of an effective routing protocol. These features of the urban environment have a great impact on the performance of a routing protocol. This study presents a brief survey on the most substantial position-based routing schemes premeditated for urban inter-vehicular communication scenarios. These protocols are provided with their operational techniques for exchanging messages between vehicles. A comparative analysis is also provided, which is based on various important factors such as the mechanisms of intersection selection, forwarding strategies, vehicular traffic density, local maximum conquering methods, mobility of vehicular nodes, and secure message exchange. Application/Improvements: the outcomes observed from this paper motivate us to improve routing protocol in terms of security, accuracy, and reliability in vehicular adhoc networks. Furthermore, it can be employed as a foundation of references in determining literature that are worth mentioning to the routing in vehicular communications. 175 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org II. ARCHITECTURAL PARADIGMS OF VANETS In VANETs, each vehicle is equipped with devices called onboard units. Each onboard unit is enabled with wireless communication links and computational capabilities. Vehicles communicate through these wireless links. The vehicular nodes in VANETs act as members and as well as a router of the network. A node communicates directly with other nodes that are present inside its transmission range. The node uses an intermediate node for exchanging information with the nodes that are beyond its transmission range [4], [10], [27]. Due to self-organizing nature of VANET, its structural design categorized into three kinds: i) Pure adhoc networks ii) Pure cellular wireless local area network iii) Hybrid networks [12],[13]. Pure ad-hoc vehicular network design also named as intervehicle ad hoc network is presented in Fig. 1 . It provides communication between vehicles and nearby vehicles. In this type of architecture, the collection and propagation of road associated information is carried out in the absence of any fixed infrastructure. Due to its infrastructure-less nature, it is cost-effective and easy to deploy [4], [14] . On the other hand, the vehicular nodes are set free to move at high speed. The highly mobile vehicular nodes frequently alter the network topological connections. The frequent topology changes cause network fragmentation [13] . In this kind of architecture, the network fragmentation due to high mobility makes routing of data more challenging [20], [28] . 176 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org exchanges. If the destination vehicle is inside the communication range of source vehicle, in this case, both directly communicate with one another. If the destination vehicle is outside of its direct reach than it relays the packet through an intermediary neighbor vehicle that is nearest to the destination node [8], [2] [3] [4] [5] , [21] , [15] . In this way, the indirect communication between the source vehicular node and the destination vehicle is carried out by intermediate nodes. Source Vehicle Destination Vehicle Intersection Bidirectional Road Lanes Vehicles
doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2021.0120121 fatcat:tpthx5zzvzeurhikyjqfm4k4mm