It is increasingly acknowledged that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) create immense human and economic costs, disproportionately affecting developing countries. This article, which serves as an introduction to this Special Issue on international investment law and NCD prevention, outlines the international framework for the prevention of NCDs, noting the more advanced development of tobacco control policies compared to policies relating to other NCD risk factors, such as unhealthy diets and

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... ohol consumption. Drawing on the Philip Morris v Uruguay case, the article explains how international investment law and NCD prevention interact and the problems this interaction may raise for States willing to adopt robust NCD prevention strategies involving the regulation of the tobacco, alcohol and food industries. It concludes by introducing other contributions in this Special Issue and by highlighting the need to build legal expertise in this area.