A psychological experiment was conducted to capture the nature of Human-Human and Human-Agent Interactions where humans and computer agents coexist in a collaborative environment. Two factors were manipulated to investigate the influences of the 'schema' about and the 'actual partner' on the characteristics of communication. The first factor, expectation about the partner, was controlled by the experimenter's instruction, manipulating with which partner (human or computer agent) participants

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... ieved to be collaborating. The second factor, the actual partner, was controlled by manipulating with which partner (human or computer agent) participants actually collaborated. The results of the experiments suggest that the degree of the refinement of the conversation controlled as the actual partner factor affected the emotional and cognitive characteristics of communication; however the schema about the opponent only affected the emotional characteristics of communication.