It is important to compare the flora of different parts of the world which have the various environmental condition. The flora of Taleghan dam and River was identified from November 2017 to October 2018 and the result is compared with 15 regions of recent studies in different continents. The flora of Africa with 66 percent common taxa was the highest similar to our study. Based on the comparison the Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère, Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema acuminatum

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... berg and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W Smith was the cosmopolitan species and Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Frustulia tugelae Cholnoky, Nitzschia acula (Kützing) Kützing in Rabenhors, and some other species were rare taxon. 45 out of 203 diagnosed species and genus Seminavis D.G.Mann is new record for diatoms flora of Iran. Also, the species Cymbella pernodensis Maillard, Cymbella novazeelandiana Krammer and Achnanthidium druartii Rimet & Couté were new records for Asia.