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Ratchets: muscles, molecules, and quantum heat pumps
2001
BioMEMS and Smart Nanostructures
Ratchets are systems that combine asymmetry with non-equilibrium processes to generate directed particle flow. A brief general introduction to ratchets is given, and the relevance of the ratchet model for biological motor proteins is highlighted. While biological motor proteins operate classically, ratchet systems that employ quantum effects are of interest from a fundamental point of view. A recent experimental realization of a tunnelling ratchet for electrons is reviewed. Such electron
doi:10.1117/12.454613
fatcat:uexh7g5hhngi5dgawekpy2lcd4