integer quantum Hall effect [12, 13] , absorption of 2.3% of visible light [14] , a high thermal conductivity [15] , the correspondent Young's modulus and intrinsic strength of 1.0 TPa and 130 GPa respectively (the breaking strength is about 200 times larger than that of steel) [16] . Furthermore, graphene can be seen on a "magic substrate" (~300nm SiO 2 /Si) with a standard optical microscope [17] . These interesting properties have been shown to have huge potential applications in many areas,

more »

... such as graphene electronic transistors [18, 19] , integrated circuits [20], transparent and flexible electronics [21, 22] as well as supercapacitors [23] . In a recent study, detection of the adsorption of a single gas molecule was done using graphene sensor, as graphene is highly sensitive to any change in the electrical resistance attributed to the local changes in carrier concentration. The importance of these structures is not only due to their future technological applications, but also because they may define a stage in the formation of other nanostructures, such as nanotubes [24] . Some of the very promising biomedical applications of these materials can be such as joint replacement prostheses, vascular grafts, and intraocular lenses/other ophthalmological devices.