The study included 39 children with pulmonary diseases (respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neonatal pneumonia) of both sexes, aged 1-111 days (experimental group) and 84 children aged 1-166 days with diseases not associated with heart and lung lesions (control group). Group of children with lung disorders included respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital pneumonia. Children with respiratory distress syndrome and congenital pneumonia

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... e examined in the first days after birth. Children in this group were underweight at birth (from 680 g, the majority with a weight of up to 1600 g), their state at the time of the first survey was qualified as severe. About a quarter of children with lung disorders and had a congenital heart disease. The most informative dates for the description of a condition of newborn's lungs is were the strengthening of pulmonary drawing on the roentgenogram at the expense of an interstitial component, decrease of pneumatization of lung tissue and the size of total area of airless subpleural lung tissue at ultrasound investigation. Lung ultrasound provides accurate information about the amount density of B-lines and areas of consolidation in the lungs and is comparable with the radiological diagnostic characteristics which become the basis for more complicated differential diagnostics of the pulmonary disorders. This will allow physicians to specify certain indications for an ultrasonic exam of the lungs, optimize diagnostic means, and more clearly formulate conclusive rules in the differential diagnostic process.