Ballasted track sleepers have the important function of providing sufficient lateral resistance to prevent the lateral movement of rails. If the lateral force induced by the thermal expansion of steel rails overcomes the lateral resistance of sleepers, rail buckling may occur. More attention has been paid to this problem of lateral stability since the introduction of continuous welded rails. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty in the prediction of the lateral resistance of sleepers.

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... n view of the foregoing, a series of laboratory tests was conducted on 1/5-scale models to evaluate the lateral resistance of sleepers. Single-sleeper pullout tests and track panel pullout tests were conducted on different types of concrete sleepers. The results of the pullout tests revealed the effects of the sleeper shape, the sleeper spacing, and the number of sleepers on the lateral resistance. Based on the model test results, a new numerical method for evaluating the lateral resistance of sleepers is proposed.