Hereunder is reported the investigation made of the effect of grinding conditions and aftertreatments, such as barrel-finishing and grit-blasting, on the reversed plane-bending fatigue strength of hardened 13Cr stainless steel. Two grinding conditions were considered, the gentle and the severe. The grinding direction was always in parallel to the length of the specimen. The results obtained are summarized as follow: (1) The fatigue limit of severely ground specimens has remained about 42% lower

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... than that of gently ground ones. (2) The surface residual stresses in parallel to the length of the specimens, both those gentlyground and those severely ground, were of tensile sort. Severe grinding, in particular, induced exceedingly high tensile stresses on the surface layer. (3) The barrel-finishing and grit-blasting after grinding have greatly raised the fatigue limit. (4) The barrel-finishing induced compressive residual stress on the surface, while, the distribution of residual stress on the surface layers of grit-blasting specimens was almost even for the two grinding conditions, and the stress was of compressive sort of considerably high degree.