Assembly of Advanced Materials into 3D Functional Structures by Methods Inspired by Origami and Kirigami: A Review

Xin Ning, Xueju Wang, Yi Zhang, Xinge Yu, Dongwhi Choi, Ning Zheng, Dong Sung Kim, Yonggang Huang, Yihui Zhang, John A. Rogers
2018 Advanced Materials Interfaces  
expand the range of accessible 3D geometries. [5] [6] [7] [8] Due to their shape-adaptive nature, origami and kirigami, originally applied only to paper, can serve as routes to large-scale structural systems that require packaging and deployment, such as foldable solar panels, [9, 10] retractable roofs, [11] deployable sunshields, [12] and many others. [13] More recent work demonstrates that these and related methods for assembling planar materials into complex 3D structures can exploit
more » ... cated 2D fabrication technologies and thin film materials from the electronics/optoelectronics industries, to yield functional systems in 3D designs that were previously unachievable. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] In this way, the techniques of origami/kirigami can enable many classes of nontraditional devices not only at the macroscale but also at the micro/ nanoscale, with the potential to open up opportunities for unusual engineering designs in microsystems technologies. [19] [20] [21] [22] Much research in origami/kirigami assembly aims to extend the range of length scales and the scope of functional materials that can be realized in 3D systems, and to transfer those ideas and Origami and kirigami, the ancient techniques for making paper works of art, also provide inspiration for routes to structural platforms in engineering applications, including foldable solar panels, retractable roofs, deployable sunshields, and many others. Recent work demonstrates the utility of the methods of origami/kirigami and conceptually related schemes in cutting, folding, and buckling in the construction of devices for emerging classes of technologies, with examples in mechanical/optical metamaterials, stretchable/ conformable electronics, micro/nanoscale biosensors, and large-amplitude actuators. Specific notable progress is in the deployment of functional materials such as single-crystal silicon, shape memory polymers, energy-storage materials, and graphene into elaborate 3D micro and nanoscale architectures. This review highlights some of the most important developments in this field, with a focus on routes to assembly that apply across a range of length scales and with advanced materials of relevance to practical applications. www.advmatinterfaces.de concepts into important applications. Recent trends suggest a shift from assembly based on applied force and external actuation [23] [24] [25] to contact-free, self-folding of active materials that are responsive to external stimuli. [16, 26, 27] Additional progress is in expanding the range of constituent materials from passive, structural materials, to high-performance, multifunctional materials needed for functional systems in photovoltaics, [28, 29] energy-storage, [30] [31] [32] electronics, [22, [33] [34] [35] and chem/biosensing. [36] [37] [38] Broad classes of functional devices and systems with mechanical, electrical, biomedical, and other types of functionality are now beginning to appear, with examples in mechanical metamaterials, [23, 24, 39, 40] soft robotics, [41] [42] [43] stretchable/flexible electronics, [14, 19, 30, 44, 45] and functional scaffolds for tissue engineering. [46, 47] This paper reviews the most recent advances in origami/ kirigami and related forms of assembly, with emphasis on schemes that allow deployment of advanced materials in 3D functional structures with a wide range of length scales, from macroscale to microscale and nanoscale. The discussion begins with the techniques and applications of macroscale origami and kirigami enabled by external actuation and self-folding. Subsequent sections summarize approaches to assembly that exploit the mechanics of compressive buckling in ways that are compatible with broad classes of advanced functional materials and 2D microsystems technologies across length scales. A final section highlights recent work on sub-micrometer scale structures and materials. The article concludes with a summary of opportunities, challenges, and directions for future research.
doi:10.1002/admi.201800284 fatcat:mwaan6nunjeufgdqxor776of4y