From the actor's perspective, a behavioral environment can be typified by two continuous dimensions, knowledge of potential outcomes and knowledge of causal relationships among environmental elements. These dimensions determine the situational ambiguity perceived by the actor. Expectancy, equity, operant conditioning, and attitude theories of motivation are considered in such ambiguous environments. Propositions are set forth which allow the researcher to select the most predictive motivation

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... del. Human motivation can be viewed from two basic positions. First, what is the nature of the force that energizes the individual to act or to behave at all? Second, given some level of activation, which behaviors are emitted? Vroom (31) touches on these issues and decides that the latter question is more important than the former. . models into two categories: process models and content models. Content models, which included various conceptualizations of needs in addition to the Herzberg model, seem concerned with what initiates or energizes behavior.