Next generation architectures will require innovative solutions to reduce energy consumption. One of the trends we expect is more extensive utilization of compiler information directly targeting energy optimizations. As we show in this paper, static information provides some unique benefits, not available with runtime hardware-based techniques alone. To achieve energy reduction, we use IPC information at various granularities, to adaptively adjust voltage and speed, and to throttle the fetch

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... e in response to changes in ILP. We evaluate schemes that are based on static IPC, runtime IPC and also combined, hybrid approaches. We show that IPC-based adaptive voltage scaling schemes can reduce energy consumption significantly, but the approach that also uses static IPC information in combination with runtime IPC, better captures program ILP burstiness and helps meet applications' target performance: an important criterion in the real-time domain. We have found that static IPC-based fetch-throttling works very well, in most cases performing similarly or better than hardware-only runtime IPC-based schemes. Overall, static IPC based resource throttling alone can save up to 14% energy in the processor with less than 5% IPC degradation. The hybrid scheme saves somewhat more energy but at the expense of higher performance degradation than the static-only approach. In fact, we obtain the lowest IPC degradation with the static IPC-based scheme.