A Comprehensive Classification of MANETs Routing Protocols

Diaa Eldein Mustafa Ahmed, Othman O. Khalifa
2017 International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research  
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is self-organized and self-configured networks that doesn't need any cellular infrastructure such as access point (AP), base station (BS) or fixed transmission links. Routing is point of research focus since the invention of commercialized mobile ad-hoc networks. In the literature the classical taxonomy of MANETs routing protocols based on the route computation process subdivided into: Proactive (Table -Driven) , Reactive (On-Demand) and Hybrid (inherit both
more » ... res of the proactive and reactive).However this classification hide other types of MANETs routing protocols play a significant roles nowadays such as(Multicast , Energy and Power-aware, Geographical routing and Hierarchical Routing). This paper provides a comprehensive study of MANETs basic taxonomy of routing protocols. In addition intense comparison between some examples of each routing protocols category has been made to further facilitate research in this area. 142 5-Distributed operation: With no central hierarchy of routers, routing must be distributed amongst the participant nodes. 6-Loop-freedom: Aim to avoid route discovery or maintenance processes from spinning from node to node indefinitely. 7-Demand-based operation versus Proactive operation: To minimize the control overhead in the network and thus not waste the network resources (bandwidth, battery, memory, etc...) the protocol should be reactive. This means that the protocol should react only when needed and that the protocol should not periodically broadcast control information. 8-Unidirectional link support: The radio environment can cause the formation of unidirectional links. Utilization of these links and not only the bi-directional links improves the routing protocol performance. 9-Security: Due to the nature of transmission medium, MANET routing protocol is vulnerable to many forms of attacks. They are more prone to security replay transmission, do spoofing threats than other general wired networks because the network structure is not strictly defined. Hello flood attack are common .Also a number of nodes keep on getting added as well as deleted from the network making it very easy for a malicious node to enter a network. Then it will be relatively easy for that node to snoop on network traffic, redirect traffic and flood the entire network. Security is very important to stop any kind of disruption of the network. 10-Power conservation: The nodes in the MANETs network can be laptops and constraint clients such as PDA's that are limited in battery power and therefore uses some standby mode to save the power. It is therefore very important that the routing protocol has support for these sleep modes. 11-Multiple routes: To reduce the number of reactions to topological changes and congestion multiple routes can be used. If one route becomes invalid, it is possible that another stored route could still be valid and thus saving the routing protocol from initiating another route discovery procedure. 12-Quality of Service Support: Most of the group communication technologies support real-time multimedia applications such as video conferencing, video streaming and distributed gaming. These applications require quality-of-service (QoS) aware multicast routing protocol to deliver the same data stream to a predefined group of receivers. Some sort of QoS is necessary to incorporate into the routing protocol. 13-Scalability: Routing protocols should be able to scale with
doi:10.7753/ijcatr0603.1004 fatcat:74in24po4nczrilpb3hvfym4je