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Genealogy of Xenophobia among Takfiri-Extremist groups: Transition from Other Transformation to Self-Transformation
2018
Faṣlnāmah-i Pizhūhish/hā-yi Rāhburdī-i Siyāsat
Islamic civilization in its early days detected identity barriers with disbelievers as outsiders. Meanwhile, it showed tolerant and moderate attitude toward them. This factor led to spiritual extension and Islam durability among the residents of the Islamic newly conquered regions. But as Islamic civilization grew weak, getting away from original Islam and facing with external and aggressive otherness like Moguls, Crusaders and also dominance of Turks Caliphate System, extension of classes
doi:10.22054/qpss.2018.8336
doaj:f4d93a4d3c144c13913f084b07658abf
fatcat:ibsqqggwnrh57b6xwk5budz5w4