Chronic disease is an important factor that affect the health of elderly people. We analyzed the 2006 and 2010 data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Surveys, which are nationally representative surveys of elderly people aged 60 years and above. We found that there existed a typical power-law distribution for the rates of different numbers of chronic diseases among elderly Chinese people. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that the result was robust, and the power exponents

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... re approximately −2.5. In addition, a paired t-test was conducted, which demonstrated that the rates of different numbers of chronic diseases did not have significant urban-rural differences, time differences or gender differences.