Twenty adult Wistar rats (18 weeks old) of both sexes (10males and 10 females) with the average weight of 118-132g were obtained and randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C, and D) of five rats each. Group A served as the control and was given equal volume of feeds and water ad libitum, throughout the course of the experiment. Group B which serves as the short term dose (6days) receives 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and then sacrificed on the 6 th day. Group C served as the medium

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... dose (9days), were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate on the 1 st day and 2mg/kg/day for 8 days and then sacrificed on the 10 th day. Group D served as the long term group (12days), received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate on the 1 st day and 2mg/kg/day for 12 days and then sacrificed on the 14 th day. All the rats were treated concurrently. The bone (femur) were removed and prepared for histological studies using standard H & E staining procedure. The result showed wide spread of fatty cells leading to depletion of haematopoietic cells at medium and long term doses. At these doses the process of haematopoiesis might have been altered probably by inhibiting their intracellular activities. During short term dose the effects were mild.