Monkeys with inferior temporal (IT) cortex lesions were compared with normal and operated control monkeys on a series of two-choice visual discrimination problems. In some problems, the discriminanda were different patterns or objects whereas, in other problems, the discriminanda were identical patterns or objects presented in different orientations. The animals with IT lesions were significantly impaired in learning to discriminate the different patterns and objects; however, they were not

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... ired in learning to discriminate stimuli which differed only in orientation by 60" or more. These results help to specify further the role of the IT cortex in visual associative learning by demonstrating that there are some types of visual discriminations which are not sensitive to IT lesions.