In this paper, the Novel Immune Algorithm (NIA) is proposed for an optimal design of electrical machines. By coupling the conventional Immune Algorithm and Steepest Descent Method, the NIA can perform fast and exact convergence to both global solutions and local solutions. Specifically, the concept of an antibody radius is newly introduced to improve the ability to navigate full areas effectively and to find new peaks by excluding already searched areas. The validity of the NIA is confirmed by

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... athematical test functions with complex objective function regions. The NIA is applied to an optimal design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for fuel cell electric vehicles and to derive an optimum design with diminished torque ripple.