1 Physical activity is associated with greater independence in old age. However, little is known 2 about the effect of physical activity level and activity type on activities of daily living (ADL). 3 This review systematically analyzed the effects of physical activity level and activity type on 4 ADL in older adults (mean age, 60+). Electronic search methods (up to March 2015) 5 identified 47 relevant, randomized controlled trials. Random effects meta-analyses revealed 6 significant, beneficial

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... effects of physical activity on ADL physical performance (SMD = 7 0.72, 95% CI [0.45, 1.00]; p < 0.01), with the largest effects found for moderate physical 8 activity levels, and for activity types with high levels of mental (e.g. memory, attention), 9 physical (e.g. coordination, balance) and social (e.g. social interaction) demands. Inconsistent 10