and Purpose-Hyperglycemia may worsen brain injury during acute cerebral infarction. We tested the feasibility and tolerability of aggressive hyperglycemia correction with intravenous insulin compared with usual care during acute cerebral infarction. Methods-We conducted a randomized, multicenter, blinded pilot trial for patients with cerebral infarction within 12 hours after onset, a baseline glucose value Ն8.3 mmol/L (Ն150 mg/dL), and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3 to

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... 2. Patients were randomized 2:1 to aggressive treatment with continuous intravenous insulin or subcutaneous insulin QID as needed (usual care). Target glucose levels were Ͻ7.2 mmol/L (Ͻ130 mg/dL) in the aggressive-treatment group and Ͻ11.1 mmol/L (Ͻ200 mg/dL) in the usual-care group. Glucose was monitored every 1 to 2 hours, and the protocol treatments continued for up to 72 hours. Final clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 months. Results-We randomized 46 patients (31 to aggressive treatment and 15 to usual care). All patients in the aggressivetreatment group and 11 (73%) in the usual-care group had diabetes (Pϭ0.008). Glucose levels were significantly lower in the aggressive-treatment group throughout protocol treatment ( 7.4 vs 10.5 mmol/L [133 vs 190 mg/dL], PϽ0.001). Hypoglycemia Ͻ3.3 mmol/L (Ͻ60 mg/dL) occurred only in the aggressive-treatment group (11 patients, 35%), 4 (13%) of whom had brief symptoms, including only 1 (3%) neurologic. Final clinical outcomes were nonsignificantly better in the aggressive-treatment group. Conclusions-The intravenous insulin protocol corrected hyperglycemia during acute cerebral infarction significantly better than usual care without major adverse events and should be investigated in a clinical efficacy trial. (Stroke. 2008; 39:384-389.)