Reports show that children with sickle-cell anemia (SCA) have a tendency for nocturnal enuresis when compared with their counterparts with normal hemoglobin. Although nocturnal enuresis in SCA has been attributed to several factors including tubular and even bladder dysfunction, its relationship with hyposthenuria has been questioned in some studies. Aim: The study aims to determine the relationship of hyposthenuria with nocturnal enuresis seen in school-aged children with SCA. Subjects and

more »

... ods: A cross-sectional study of seventy school-aged children with SCA, who met the study criteria and seventy age-and gender-matched controls was conducted at the Sickle-cell Clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. The diagnosis of enuresis among the subjects and controls was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria while urine specific gravity (USG) was determined on dipstick urinalysis. The frequencies of categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate and the means of continuous variables with Student's t-test. The level of statistical significance was taken as P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of hyposthenuria was 4.5% and 8.3% among enuretic and nonenuretic subjects respectively, 6.7% and 10.9% among enuretic and nonenuretic controls and 4.5% and 6.7% among enuretic subjects and controls, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The mean ± standard deviation USG was significantly higher in the subjects than in the controls (1.02 ± 0.01 vs. 1.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.013) and enuretic subjects than enuretic controls (1.02 ± 0.01 vs. 1.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.007). The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was significantly higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] =8.14 (2.12, 31.24), χ 2 = 12.21, P < 0.001) and male controls (χ 2 = 5.57, P = 0.018). Enuretic subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of parental history of childhood enuresis (OR [95% CI] =10.39 [2.45, 44.05], P < 0.002) than the enuretic controls. The relationship between the enuretic subjects and controls with respect to age of attainment of urinary control, family size, socioeconomic class, and sibling history of enuresis were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Nocturnal enuresis in children with SCA may not be related to hyposthenuria. However, male gender and parental history of childhood enuresis are significant risk factors. How to cite this article: Eneh CI, Ikefuna AN, Okafor HU, Uwaezuoke SN. Nocturnal enuresis in school-aged children with sickle-cell anemia: Any relationship with hyposthenuria?. Niger J Clin Pract 2017;20:215-20. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints contact: reprints@medknow.com Original Article [Downloaded free from http://www.njcponline.com on Monday, January 16, 2017, IP: 165.255.150.197] Eneh, et al.: Nocturnal enuresis and hyposthenuria in sickle-cell anemia A 15-item pro forma was used to obtain the following information from the subjects and controls; bio-data, home and school addresses, family history of enuresis, family size, age of attainment of urinary control while awake, parental occupation, and highest educational attainment.