Objectives We aimed to investigate the role of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents in the aetiology of lung cancer. Method ICARE is a multicenter population-based case-control study conducted in France between 2001 and 2006. Information on subjects lifelong work history was collected by face to face interviews using standardised questionnaires. Occupational exposures were assessed using job-exposure matrices (JEM) relative to five chlorinated solvents including trichloroethylene

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... methylene chloride, perchloroethylene (PER), chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Solvents were studied separately and since overlapping among exposures analyses for combined solvents exposure were performed. In the questionnaire, subjects also had to report if they were exposed to TCE or other substances (PER was among them). Odds ratios (ORs) were computed using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for classical risk factors. Results A total of 2926 cases (2276 men and 650 women) and 3555 controls (2780 men and 775 women) were included. A statistically significant positive association for lung cancer risk was observed in both men (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.00-2.17) and in women (OR 3.86, 95% CI: 1.36 -11.01) exposed to PER combined with TCE and/or methylene chloride. In contrast, no statistically significant associations were found for TCE or other solvent combinations. Finally for subjects, who reported the exposure to PER, the ORs were 3.25 (95% CI: 1.23, 8.59) and 3.12 (95% CI: 0.50, 19.28) among men and women respectively. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that PER alone or in combination with TCE and/or methylene chloride may increase the risk of lung cancer. Objectives To investigate the risk of total hip replacement (THR) due to primary osteoarthritis (OA) in relation to cumulative occupational mechanical exposures and lifestyle factors. Method In a population of Danish employees, we identified first-time THR cases in the National Patient Register. For each case, two age-and sex-matched controls were drawn. In total 2500 randomly selected case-control sets were mailed a questionnaire entailing job history, weight (present and at age 25), height, smoking and sports activities at age 25. We used a job exposure matrix to calculate cumulative exposures in the work environment. Exposure estimates were expressed according to the pack-year concept of smoking (cumulative lifting = tonyears). We used conditional logistic regression. Results 71% of case-control sets contributed to the study. The adjusted odds ratio for exposure to at least 20 ton-years was 1.35 (95% CI 1.05-1.74) for men. When analysing frequent lifting as risk factor, the adjusted OR reached 1.26 (95% CI 0.99-1.61). There were no such increases for women. We controlled for body mass index, sports participation at age 25 and previous trauma towards the knees. Conclusions When using a job exposure matrix we found a modest increased risk of THR in relation to cumulative lifting for men. For women no increased risk was seen.