This study aimed to compare the effects of letrozole and gonadotropins for ovulation induction in infertile patients with stage 1-2 endometriosis. Materials and methods: Twenty patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and histologically diagnosed stage 1-2 endometriosis were included in this prospective randomized study. Patients who planned to continue with timed sexual intercourse were randomized into two treatment groups including letrozole (n=10) or gonadotropins (n=10) for minimum

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... e and maximum five treatment cycles. Results: Ovulation occurred in 37/45 cycles (82.2%) in the letrozole group and 32/37 cycles (86.4%) in the gonadotropin group, without statistically significant difference (p=0.590). Total number of follicles was significantly higher in gonadotropin group on the day of hCG administration (2.33±0.71 vs. 3.05±0.91, p<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rates both per completed cycles and per patients were similar between two groups (8.1% vs. 9.4%, p=0.850 and 30% vs. 30%, p=1.000; respectively). Conclusions: Letrozole is well tolerated and cost effective ovulation induction agent in patients with endometriosis and effects of letrozole for ovulation induction were comparable to gonadotropins.