Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with insulin deficiency which causes microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. There have been some trials to simulate the pancreatic endocrine function of insulin and glucagon for homeostatic equilibration of blood glucose, developing artificial pancreas. There are three major functional components of the modern artificial pancreas, a continuous glucose-monitoring system, an insulin-infusion pump and a control

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... . There are commercially available continuous glucose monitoring systems with subcutaneous glucose measuring, however, there have been many attempts to develop more efficient glucose monitoring systems, including noninvasive systems. Thanks to technological advances and the miniaturization of electronics, recent advances in the accuracy and performance of these systems have placed research on the threshold of prototype commercial devices and large-scale outpatient feasibility studies. In addition, smartphone technology has created the opportunity for caregivers to receive push notification alerts and makes it possible to provide patients with advisory or decision-support systems. Even though there are still some remaining challenges to develop a successful artificial pancreas, glucose control in type 1 diabetes will be more efficient with its advent.