Context: Progressive loss of brain gray matter (GM) has been reported in childhood-onset schizophrenia; however, it is uncertain whether these changes are shared by pediatric patients with different psychoses. Objective: To examine the progression of brain changes in first-episode early-onset psychosis and their relationship to diagnosis and prognosis at 2-year follow-up. Design: Prospective, multicenter, naturalistic, 2-year follow-up study. Setting: Six child and adolescent psychiatric units

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... n Spain. Participants: A total of 110 patients and 98 healthy controls were recruited between March 1, 2003, and November 31, 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed for 61 patients with schizophrenia (n=25), bipolar disorder (n=16), or other psychoses (n=20) and 70 controls (both at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up). Mean age at baseline was 15.5 years (patients) and 15.3 years (controls). Main Outcome Measures: The GM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes in the total brain and frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.