Global food production and consumption have witnessed significant changes in the past five decades. Paying attention to rising crop yields and enhancing cultivation practices have brought about enhanced life expectancy, reduced rates of infant and child mortality, and reduced world poverty (Whitmee et al. 2015; Steffen et al. 2015; Willett et al. 2019). However, these health-related advantages are being jeopardized by global shifts toward unhealthy diets mostly in the developed countries and

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... bohydrate dense foods in the developing countries (Global Panel 2016; IFPRI 2017). These dietary shifts are partly caused by increasing urbanization, rise in incomes, and inadequate or lack of access to nutritious and healthy foods. Movement toward unhealthy diets increases the burden of obesity and diet-related NCDs coupled with imparting the environment negatively (Tilman and Clark 2014; Springmann et al. 2016;Willett et al. 2019). With increased growth and progress in food industry, food systems are becoming more complex with possible adverse effects on human health and nutrition especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already faced with chronic hunger and multiple forms of malnutrition (Global Panel 2016; HLPE 2017; Otekunrin et al. 2019a, b, c; Otekunrin et al. 2020c; Global Nutrition Report 2020).