A mating-of-trees approach for graph distances in random planar maps [article]

Ewain Gwynne, Nina Holden, Xin Sun
2020 arXiv   pre-print
We introduce a general technique for proving estimates for certain random planar maps which belong to the γ-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) universality class for γ∈ (0,2). The family of random planar maps we consider are those which can be encoded by a two-dimensional random walk with i.i.d. increments via a mating-of-trees bijection, and includes the uniform infinite planar triangulation (UIPT; γ=√(8/3)); and planar maps weighted by the number of different spanning trees (γ=√(2)), bipolar
more » ... ntations (γ=√(4/3)), or Schnyder woods (γ=1) that can be put on the map. Using our technique, we prove estimates for graph distances in the above family of random planar maps. In particular, we obtain non-trivial upper and lower bounds for the cardinality of a graph distance ball consistent with the Watabiki (1993) prediction for the Hausdorff dimension of γ-LQG and we establish the existence of an exponent for certain distances in the map. The basic idea of our approach is to compare a given random planar map M to a mated-CRT map—a random planar map constructed from a correlated two-dimensional Brownian motion—using a strong coupling (Zaitsev, 1998) of the encoding walk for M and the Brownian motion used to construct the mated-CRT map. This allows us to deduce estimates for graph distances in M from the estimates for graph distances in the mated-CRT map which we proved (using continuum theory) in a previous work. In the special case when γ=√(8/3), we instead deduce estimates for the √(8/3)-mated-CRT map from known results for the UIPT. The arguments of this paper do not directly use SLE/LQG, and can be read without any knowledge of these objects.
arXiv:1711.00723v3 fatcat:3kxhmoiagzc35h6iyr45vigaka