Heterogeneity of the Anxiety-Related Attention Bias: A Review and Working Model for Future Research

Tracy A. Dennis-Tiwary, Amy Krain Roy, Samantha Denefrio, Sarah Myruski
2019 Clinical Psychological Science  
The anxiety-related attention bias (AB) has been studied for several decades as a clinically-relevant output of the dynamic and complex threat detection-response system. Despite research enthusiasm for the construct of AB, current theories and measurement approaches cannot adequately account for the growing body of mixed, contradictory, and null findings. Drawing on clinical, neuroscience, and animal models, we argue that the apparent complexity and contradictions in the empirical literature
more » ... be attributed to the field's failure to clearly conceptualize AB heterogeneity and the dearth of studies in AB that consider additional cognitive mechanisms in anxiety, particularly disruptions in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review existing research and propose a working model of AB heterogeneity positing that AB may be best conceptualized as multiple subtypes of dysregulated processing of and attention to threat anchored in individual differences in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review evidence for this working model and discuss how it can be used to advance knowledge of AB mechanisms and inform personalized prevention and intervention approaches.
doi:10.1177/2167702619838474 pmid:33758680 pmcid:PMC7983558 fatcat:rpk6dqlzhnb7lerh2oqg4osnv4