<p>This manauscript begins with a theoretical substantiation of the possibility of thermal (dark) generation of electronically excited states (excitons) in the structure of oxides as a fundamental quantum-chemical property that ensures their continuous activity. For the first time, experimentally, a macro-scale process flow and its quantum nature are proven using a wide range of tools. The mechanism, features of the chemical structure of electron-hole components, and their role in the formation

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... of catalytic properties have been extensively studied. The application of these new principles for the creation of highly efficient catalysts, energy generation and energy storage devices has been evaluated.</p>