The author analyzes the term "professional risk" applied in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and in national system of insurance against accidents and occupational diseases. It has been shown that in the system of insurance against accidents and occupational diseases the "professional risk" level, in fact, means an insurer's professional (insurance) risk level. This risk has no any relation to "professional risk" of this or that worker or professional group of

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... nomic activity type. A new, scientifically reasonable interpretation of "professional risk" concept as the risk which owner is the worker himself, as an owner of profession and professional competences, has been offered.