A large number of reports have been published on chromosomal abnormalities in plants. In barley, too, karyological studies have been carried out to a considerable extent but reports on cytogenetic investigations are scarce for this genus. After the publication of Smith's comprehensive review of cytology and genetics of barley (Smith 1951), several cases of cytological aberrations in barley were reported by These reports are mostly concerned with radiation induced chromosomal aberrations except

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... or some cases (Takahashi et at. 1954 , Tsuchiya 1955a). In the present paper X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations including reciprocal translocations in X2 generation of Hoydeum spontaneum var. transcaspicum will be briefly described.