Contents  Introduction to the problem 1 . The problem:W hy does Paul user eason language in Rom1 2.1? . An ew solution in outline 4 . Previous explanations 10 .. λογικός as "reasonable" 10 .. λογικός as "spiritual" 11 .. λογικός as "genuine" 12 .. λογικός as "communicating" (Reichert) 12 .. λογικός as "guided by reasoning thought" (Scott) 13 .. Conclusion: The needf or evaluatingq ualitative parallels . Remarkso no ur interpretative terms 15 . Outlineo ft he

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... 22  The semantics of λογικός and the definitiono fh umanb eings 24 . The semanticso fλογικός in conversationw ith Scott 2018 24 .. Scott'ss even categories of the use of λογικός 24 .. Problemsw ithS cott'sa pproach 27 .. The evidenceo nw hich Scott'ss olution rests 29 . The definitiono fh uman beings as ζῷον λογικόν 30 .. The phrase ζῷον λογικόν is pre-Pauline 33 .. Early Stoicsu sed ζῷον λογικόν forh uman beings 34 .. Early Stoicsu sed ζῷον λογικόν fort he cosmosa nd God .. ForS toics, God and humanb eings as ζῷαλ ογικά are related 43 .. MainlyS toicsb ut alsom any others: The use of ζῷον λογικόν 48 ... Predominantlya mongS toics, especially beforet he firstc entury BC 49 ... Doxographers and philosophers from other schools from the first century BC onwards 51 ... Christiana uthorsi nt he second century 54 .. The phrase ζῷον λογικόν usedi nd iscourse on the human placea nd role in the cosmos 57 ... Raising the question about the placea nd role of humanb eings in thec osmos 57 ... Logical divisionsa nd placing humans on a scala naturae