Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is the most common degenerative joint disease in the field of orthopaedics . In advanced stages of OA , the patients suffer from severe pain, 釦 nctiona 凵 imitations in the affected joints , and restriction of mobility , For detecting early OA and the prevention of progression in OA by novel therapeutic strategies , they arc important to understand the functiona ] properties of synovia ] joint and to establish the precise measurement technique . Pendulum friction test is

more »

... ofthe mechanical evaluations for lubrication properties ofjoints . The advantages of this method are the natural motion without the constraints ofjoint and also preservation ofthe joint capsule , the synovial fluid in it and the tendons and ligaments around the knee . In this study , in addition to the f 廿 iction properties , the viscous and e ] astic effects were evaluated . The equation of motion of joint cartilage were proposed including the fhction , viscous and elastic effect. The each mechanical