This paper presents a new performance-based seismic design method using PML(Probable Maximum Loss) for steel buildings. Monte Carlo simulation using three dimensional elasto-plastic dynamic analyses with two-directional inputs evaluate restoration costs of the building frame per component, and non-structural elements per place. This enables us to analyse the restoration costs and to improve the design to hit the target performance. PML of an example building was evaluated repeatedly and the

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... iled restoration costs information derived from this method helped to improve the design of the building by adding and rearranging vibration control braces to hit the target PML.