Characterization of a recombinant canine coronavirus with a distinct receptor-binding (S1) domain

Andrew D. Regan, Jean K. Millet, Long Ping V. Tse, Zach Chillag, Vera D. Rinaldi, Beth N. Licitra, Edward J. Dubovi, Christopher D. Town, Gary R. Whittaker
2012 Virology  
Canine alphacoronaviruses (CCoV) exist in two serotypes, type I and II, both of which can cause severe gastroenteritis. Here, we characterize a canine alphacoronavirus, designated CCoV-A76, first isolated in 1976. Serological studies show that CCoV-A76 is distinct from other CCoVs, such as the prototype CCoV-1-71. Efficient replication of CCoV-A76 is restricted to canine cell lines, in contrast to the prototypical type II strain CCoV-1-71 that more efficiently replicates in feline cells.
more » ... 6 can use canine aminopeptidase N (cAPN) receptor for infection of cells, but was unable to use feline APN (fAPN). In contrast, CCoV-1-71 can utilize both. Genomic analysis shows that CCoV-A76 possesses a distinct spike, which is the result of a recombination between type I and type II CCoV, that occurred between the N-and C-terminal domains (NTD and C-domain) of the S1 subunit. These data suggest that CCoV-A76 represents a recombinant coronavirus form, with distinct host cell tropism.
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2012.04.013 pmid:22609354 pmcid:PMC3377836 fatcat:yh3zc3t34zbengiezle4xlnpsu