This paper examines Bäumler's (1980) genetic-social theory that postulates specific associations between bearers of certain surnames and their body features as a result of an effect dating back to corresponding crafman's trades in the Middle Ages. Two studies were conducted, replicating those of Bäumler 1980 and 1984 respectively. In Study I 111 and 113 men with the surnames of ,Tailor' (German: ,Schneider') and ,Smith' (German: ,Schmied'), age 19–75, all from Vienna, were questioned by

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... e. In Study II the relative frequency of men with the same surnames in light-, medium- and heavyweight track and field disciplines was compiled for Germany, Austria and Great Britain by the means of senior best-of-lists. In accordance with Bäumler's results, Smiths felt more physically suited for activities requiring strength and were more frequently represented in the heavier track and field disciplines. However, no significant differences were found regarding suitability for activities requiring agility, body height, weight, and body mass index. Moreover, Tailors were not more frequently represented in lighter track and field disciplines, quite an opposite trend emerged. The combined results indicate that based on Bäumler's theory it is indeed possible to predict and explain unusual results but to a very limited extent which in reverse raises the question whether or not the theory should be regarded as valid.